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WarChron - Appearance of Tsar - Worker Strikes

 

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The Year 1917

On 3 February, at Tsarskoe Selo, as a gesture of courtesy the Tsar received members of the Inter-Allied Conference in a private audience at his palace. One can only wonder if they saw the same kind of Tsar as was described by Kokovstov two days earlier.

In Washington, America broke off diplomatic relations with Germany, Ambassador Count von Bernstorff was handed his passport. On the 4th, the U.S. recalled Ambassador Gerard from Berlin.

On 4 February, on the Northern Front, the Germans made several abortive attacks between the Tirul Marshes and the Aa River on the Riga front.

The Sultan of Turkey accepted the resignation of his Grand Vizier, Said Halim. Talaat Pasha formed a new Cabinet. Enver Pasha became Turkish Minister of War.

In early February, the Germans moved their GHQ from Pless to Kreuznach to be closer to the army commanders on the Western Front. The Austro-Hungarian GHQ had already been moved from Teschen to Baden, near Vienna.

On 5 February, on the Southwest Front, the Germans attacked Russian positions 16 km south of Kieselin in Volhynia, but were repulsed.

At Petrograd, a Russian Conference on the future of Poland was announced.

On 6 February, at Tsarskoe Selo, the Tsar approved General Alekseev's operational plans without any changes. The Menshevik dominated Worker's Group of the Central War Committee appealed for a mass demonstration on 27 February.

On the Romanian Front, enemy attacks were driven back southeast of Focsani.

In Germany, people were experiencing an extreme cold spell. Schools were being closed for lack of fuel for heating. There was also a severe potato shortage.

On 7 February, many Russian railways had only a two to five day supply of coal.

At Petrograd, the Inter-Allied Conference continued. Their Technical, Transport and Munitions Committees were presented with excessive Russian demands which exceeded their actual requirements. Data from the Russian Artillery Control Administration reported on monthly losses of weapons put out of action; in a calm period – 357 guns, 50,000 rifles and 200 machine guns; in an active period – 648 guns, 125,000 rifles and 400 machine guns; rifle ammunition expended in a calm period – 60 million rounds per month; and in an active period – 800 million rounds per month. One report stated that the Romanian Army was now capable of holding only 21 km on the front.


 
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In Germany, Berlin intercepted a coded message from an Italian delegate at talks in Petrograd, learning that in the West the Allied offensive will not begin until early April, with Italian and Russian offensives planned for a later date to coincide with the deliveries of guns and munitions.

On 8 February, at Tsarskoe Selo, the Tsar heard growing talk of a palace coup. He approved the Okhrana arrest of members of the Workers' Group in Petrograd. The food crisis was becoming severe.

At Sarajevo, former Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, Count Burian took up his new duties as the Administrator of Bosnia-Herzegovina. It was a form of political exile.

On 9 February, at Petrograd, Minister of the Interior, Protopopov ordered the arrest of eleven workmen, members of the Workers' Group of the Central Committee of Military Industries, charging them with “plotting a revolutionary movement with the object of proclaiming a republic.” His act caused great alarm.

On 10 February, at Petrograd, President of the Romanian Council, Bratianu left for Jasi in Romania.

On 11 February, on the Southwest Front, a small enemy force crossed the ice on the Dniester River, south of Halicz, but was driven back by a Russian counter-attack.

At Petrograd, Guchkov and Konovalov called a meeting of public organizations with the aim of protesting Protopopov's arrests on the 9th.

On 12 February, on the Romanian Front, the Germans attacked Russian positions near Jakobeny in south Bukowina, taking over 1,200 prisoners. The following day, a Russian counter-attack pushed them back.

At Petrograd, at the closing of the Allied Conference, Lord Milner stated that much good had been done in bringing about closer cooperation between the Entente countries. During the Conference, a Treaty was signed between Russia, Great Britain, and France, which confirmed the Treaty of 4 March 1915. Russia was to be ceded Turkish territory including Trabizond, Erzerum, Van and Bitlis. France was to be ceded Syria and Adana, while Great Britain was to be ceded Palestine and Mesopotamia.

At Petrograd, the beginning of a series of meetings and strikes that lasted until the 18th. The Petrograd Military District was separated from the Northern Front, and placed under the command of General Sergei Khabalov, an inept officer with little or no combat experience.

 
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